William Shakespeare Essay Example

William Shakespeare Essay William Shakespeare was a writer, not a politician. But he was destined by the very fact of his greatness to become a theorist of politics as well. The temptation to find a sign of theory for politics in his work is too strong to resist – it is almost unbelieveable that a great writer living in England in the XVI-XVII centuries could escape greatest political and philosophical debates.Shakespeare did not. He was deeply involved into the context of his time, where state and power were among main subjects of concern. During all periods of his work, Shakespeare was formulating his own attitude towards the tendencies that shortly afterwards led to English revolution. The historical material he used was mainly about the period of long-lasting feudal conflicts in England.The problem as well as the approach were not unique. The so-called â€Å"political skill† was a matter of concern for many, especially those who denied its Divine origins. Naturally, political systems in Euro pe gave all resons for that. Christendom, a concept of the early Medieval period, has failed. European political space did not unify, more than that – it became evedent, that it was gradually disintegrated. Reformation and subsequent political conflicts, enspired by religious hostility, led to a raise of quite a â€Å"multipolar† world in Europe, in which intrigue and statecraft played sometimes   very important role – much more important than religious or ethnic motives. Especailly true that was about Italian states: difficult political environment and lack of unity made it vitaly important to improve political skills of the leadership. Something like that was later actual for France and England.Italian writer thus became the first to analyze the nature and peculiarities of political processes. Nicolo Machiavelli summed his conclusions in his â€Å"Prince†, which became an example of â€Å"pragmatic† view on power, so uncommon for Europeans of t he time. Undoubtedly, ideas expressed by Machiavelli influenced many people including writers and Shakespeare in particular. But such influence was accompanied by personal implications as well as by historical background. What was actual and true about Italian cities could have been absolutely incorrect about English counties.Thus historical plays by Shakespeare, in particular Henry IV and Richard II, are the exapmles of an English interpretation of Italian theory, which have something to share and in some ways opposes the latter. Shakespeare is neither an adept, not a critic of Machiavelli – he is an analyst of his own, concerned about the problems facing his society. Two strong motives may be observed in Shakespeare’s plays: 1) a support for the Divine Right of kings, which means that there is a need for some kind of justification of hereditary power, upon which stability may be created; 2) a call for â€Å"pragmatic† rule in the sense that power obtained from God should be exercised in the way that make people (in broad sense) more happy.Such a view, or synthesis, was not new or unique. New was the form of expression, the way in which Shakespeare described his point. Dialogues and scenes of Henry IV and Richard II are simple and clear but they convey some deep thoughts. A motive for Divine Right had been also expressed in Richard III, where the figure of main character dominates the whole scene from the beginning to the end. Something very much alike one may see in Richard II, with more complicated plot and composition. Shakespeare demonstrates that royal power is not something to enjoy.O villains, vipers, damnd without redemption!Dogs, easily won to fawn on any man!Snakes, in my heart-blood warmd, that sting my heart!Three Judases, each one thrice worse than Judas!Would they make peace? Terrible hell make warUpon their spotted souls for this offence!(W. Shakespeare. King Richard II. Act III, Scene 2.)For him this is something to be res ponsible for, probably – something to sacrifice or die for. Returning to Medieval tradition, we may found some pre-christian analogies in feudal conflicts. One king must equal for one God and that will be good.A dialogue between Falstaff and Poins may seem to prove that there is nothing divine in royal power. But later on it becomes evident that royal power which is destined gives sense of unlimited power.Such neighbour nearness to our sacred bloodShould nothing privilege him nor partializeThe unstooping firmness of my upright soul.(W. Shakespeare, King Richard II, Act I, Scene 1).Divine power means not very much responsibility by the definition. This is the place, Shakespeare makes his own point. Showing life of princes and king himself in Henry IV, he shows that Divine power is something that may disappear, or something that may be overtaken by people. â€Å"Special† effects, used in Henry IV, outline this idea. The plot is filled with small funny scenes from real li fe, showing how they affect political proceccess. A prince and a king are common people – again not a new idea, but expressed in new forms. An idea of destiny is outlined in several ways:Edwards seven sons, whereof thyself art one,Were as seven vials of his sacred blood,Or seven fair branches springing from one root.Some of those seven are dried by natures course,Some of those branches by the Destinies cut;(W. Shakespeare, King Richard II, Act I, Scene 2).One of the main ideas central for Shakespeare is the role of absolute royal power in general. Combining several approaches to it, trying to join Divine rights with very concrete responsibilities, Shakespeare although supports the view that the more power for a monarch the better. The reason for that is probably the political situation in England. The XV century was full of intrenal conflicts and wars. They were the main sourse for instability. Quite naturally, the reason seemed to be a weak royal power. The example of France demonstrated how strong monarch could win wars and guarantee trade and flourishing. Big English feudals – the Yorks, the Sommersets, the Northumberlands, the Hotspurs and others – were seeing as the main disorganizing force in the state. That was quite natural.Feudal anarchy is opposed by the idea of central power. For Shakespeare such power was only possible under a monarch, although republicans of the time had probably something to object. Royal power could only be possible with the idea of its Divine origin. Supported by church, such system would have been stable and long-lasting. This also implied the principle of hereditary power, with heirs strictly determined by family ties. Shakespeare could have vividly remebered the horrors of civil wars between the Yorks and the Lancasters, as well as conflicts preceeding Queen’s Elizabeth reign. The problem was widely discussed at the time, so it was almost impossible not to mention it while describing royal life. R egarfing all that one may understand the meaning of long dialogues on the topic, which are found in many of Shakespeare’s plays. All that is directly connected with the idea od Divine rights and with the problem of the transition of those rights.In Henry IV, Shakespeare describes the rule of the king as full of upraisals and other destabilizing events. The reason for them is the wrong policy adopted by the monarch, uneffective management, to put it in a more modern way.Here comes another part of a story. Shakespeare thus puts forward a thesis on â€Å"effective† use of power. That is very close to Machiavelli. An Italian was free from occupation with Divine rights. Despite he put all efforts to improve effectiveness of power, of whatever origin. Shakespeare shows miscalculations of Henry IV as leading to disasters. The episode of usurping power by Bolingbrock may be seen differently. It may be seen as a prelude for further troubles: by capturing power he violated Divin e rights which was the reason for further problems. But it also may look like a very â€Å"pragmatic† mistake. By creating a precedent, he opened way for other feudals, who from now on were just waiting for political mistakes. This could have been easily corrected by some measures without reviewing Divine status of power.Since Henry IV came to power with the help of feudals their relations are far from those of lord and servants. Divine status thus gives way to practical political reasons, which is so close to Machiavelli. The same picture is shown in Richard II. The constant dependancy on feudals and lack of Divine status is the everlasting problem of such king.Thus a strong royal power is a political good since it promotes the well-being of the whole society. But a king is to be somehow â€Å"up to his status†. This idea is illustrated in Henry IV:I stay too long by thee, I weary thee.Dost thou so hunger for mine empty chairThat thou wilt needs invest thee with my ho noursBefore thy hour be ripe? O foolish youth!(W. Shakespeare, King Henry IV, Part II, Act IV, Scene 5)For a king to be â€Å"effective†, he has to possess some moral qualities. Such a monarch is rarely found in Shakespeare’s plays.Unlike Shakespeare, Machiavelli considers heir’s status as just one from many important factors. A king for Machiavelli is just one of the politicians who have almost equal chances for success. Just like he compares Turkey and France to illustrate comparative difficulty of conquest, one may compare systems of non-absolute and absolute monarchy. The latter is easy to capture but difficult to retain. Later on these ideas on structural power were developed, for example, by A. Gramsci.Both for Shakespeare and for Machiavelli king’s moral qualitites are of some importance since they help retain power. The result is responsibility for both:Canst thou, o partial sleep, give thy reposeTo the wet sea-boy in an hour so rude;And in the ca lmest and most stillest night,With all appliances and means to boot,Deny it to a king? Then, happy low, lie down!Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.(W. Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part II, Act 3, Scene 1.)Shakespeare’s responsibility was different from Machiavelli’s. The latter’s was much more political. It demanded from a monarch constant struggle. Republican traditions of Italy can hardly be compared with political culture of England. Nevertheless, several problems were similar. Integration and unification seemed for Machiavelli possible only via skillful political operations. For Shakespeare there was an alternative – supported by Divine Right idea od centralized royal power. Both had something more important in common. They saw a royal power not as a value in itself, but as a tool for serving people. Weak power for Machivelli meant poor defense for people, first of all from external threat. Weak power for Shakespeare meant inner conflicts with people suffering from that most of all. An idea of Divine Right, central for Shakespeare did not prevent him from demanding a more skillful and effective politics serving people’s interests.Political situation in England was such that it demanded changes. The development of the state required modernization of political system. Old tasks were forgotten, the country needed to adapt for new economic situation. Shakespeare’s great role was to work out the experience of previous centuries and elaborate new remedies for new deseases. Divine Right was no longer enough; by defending it, Shakespeare dad not say that it should be the only basis and legitimator for royal power. At the end the skill and effectiveness would be judges. Obtaining royal power by Divine Right may be easy, but exersicing it is surely difficult. William Shakespeare Essay Example William Shakespeare Essay In the play, King Lear by William Shakespeare, King Learns character, actions and loss and regain of identity is reflected through his three daughters, General, Reagan and Cornelia. Both Reagan and General show material love. Goner mirrors Learns brutal, harsh side and beginning of his loss of identity. In the play, General will only accept a situation only if in her full command. This can be shown when, General tells that his solders are disordered, so debauched and bold, that the court, infected with their manners/Shows like a riotous inn (1. . 256) eventually asking him to lessen the amount of knights. Goner wants to gain control over Lear, by reducing his knights, but Lear does not want to because he believes he still has control, stating his knights as men of choice and rarest parts. Similar to Generals actions, Lear will only accept situation if in his full command. In Act 1 Scene 1, Lear asks all his daughters to flatter him, however he was rejected by Cornelia, eventually re sulting in Cordilleras encashment and discontent. Goner, not only reflects Learns actions against Cornelia, she also reflects Learns loss of power and identity. When she asks Lear to lessen his amount, it is clear that General will gain full control over Lear, eventually causing Lear to question who he truly Is. As Lear begins to lose his identity, he can see his reflection of brutality and harshness through his daughters, when they begin to overpower him. And regain of Identity Is reflected through his three daughters, We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Defining Motivation and Employee Satisfaction

Defining Motivation and Employee Satisfaction The definition of motivation hinges around words like drive, inspiration, and impetus. It is about what makes a person interested in performing a certain task or engaging in a particular activity. Pepitone and Bruce (1998) defined motivation as the reason why individuals participated in certain endeavors. This view of motivation implies that motivation is essentially an emotional state.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Motivation and Employee Satisfaction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While it is the more prevalent view, there is another way to look at it. This other way, proposed by ONeil and Drillings (1994) sought to include aspects of cognition into the state of motivation of an individual. They contended that there is a thinking process to it, with clear decision making opportuinities. As such, they argued that motivation is not purely an emotional process but a composite process involving cognitive a pects. The discussion of employee satisfaction reflects the thinking presented by Kermally (2004) that identified employee happiness as an important factor influencing their productivity. If employees are unhappy, they lose the motivation to apply themselves meanigfully to their work, which in the end, compromises the quality of their output. Kermally argued that employees perform tasks assigned to them on the basis of their interest in it, which always improved when they were happy with their work. As such, the purpose of this litererature review is to examine the common theories of motivation, to review aspects and the need for motivation, and to uncover the applications of motivation in conventional organizations. Motivation Theories Interest in motivation, as an area of study is not a modern concept, but one that attracted the attention of many leaders and philosophers from ancient times. The ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu produced a work that has important lessons in the art of motivation because it describes tactics a commander can apply in various situations to maintain morale in his or her army. The emergence of motivation as a separate field of study came about because of specialization of disciplines that accompanied the advent of the modern era. Its current scope spans elements of behavioral psychology, social science, and management science, among others. Because of this interest in the subject, several scholars developed theories to explain motivation. Three theorists stand out because they presented nearly distinctive perspectives on motivation. They are; Abraham Maslow, Henry Herzberg, and David McClelland.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Abraham Maslow is famous for his theory on the hierarchy of needs. He described a hierarchical sequence of needs that motivates individua ls to engage in particular activities in order to fulfill their most pressing prevailing needs. In Maslow’s hierarchy, the need in one level ceases to be a source of motivation once satisfied. Among the five levels that Maslow identified, physiological needs are the basest of them all. All human beings do their best to rid themselves of hunger and cold. There is a high degree of motivation to get food, clothing, and some form of shelter. The second class of needs is the desire for safety and security from harm. The elements that constitute this need are safety from the elements, personal danger, and want. The third tier of needs identified by Maslow was the need to belong. This is the desire to be part of a society. This need, the theory postulated, drives people to join various groups so that they get a sense of belonging. Maslow called the fourth level of needs, the esteem needs. It escalates from simply belonging to a group or society into being a significant part of it. A t the third level, it is ok to belong, but at the fourth level, it is not enough. Self-actualization concludes the hierarchy of needs identified by Maslow. It transcends all other needs and seeks to answer the question of the whole purpose and meaning of life. A person at this level seeks to achieve inward significance in life, not just outwardly in society. Philanthropy is an often given example of an expression of this need. Maslow explained that all human beings are at a certain level of motivation at any one time and the key to getting the most out of them is to provide them with the opportunity to fulfill their most eager need. Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory Henry Herzberg put forward a theory known as the motivation-hygiene theory. This theory explains that motivation stems from two issues. There are factors that motivate people to do certain things while there are certain factors which contribute to the demotivation of individuals. The things that contribute towa rds the comfort of an individual in a given place are what he called the hygiene factors. These are the factors without which people in a given organization get demotivated. Motivational factors on the other hand refers to those factors that actually make them to want to do something. The theory contends that the factors are not mutually exclusive. This means that in any work environrment, there are motivators and demotivators at play.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Motivation and Employee Satisfaction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The actual state of motivation is therefore the result of the relative strength of these two factors. Doing away with one set of factors does not render the other factors inoperable . This means that dealing with demotivators does not automatically lead to motivation. It only averts demotivation. Adair (2006) held the view that Maslow’s and Herzberg’s theories w ere too individualistic and did not take into account external factors. He said that they made it look as if each person is fully responsible for their state of motivation, disregarding the role of environmental factors. In this case, the two theorists concentrated on the intrinsic elelments of motivation to the point that they appered to diregard the extrinsic elements. McClelland’s Achievement Motivation Theory David McClelland developed the achievement motivation theory. This theory pins motivation to personality. It postulates that what motivates individuals is unique to them and normally comes from their subjective experiences in life. According to McClelland’s theory, as someone participates in various activities, they learn to associate the processes and outcomes with certain feelings. Accordingly, the potential for the process to elicit the desired feelings act as a motivator for that particular individual. The person becomes predisposed to high motivation towa rds participating in the activities that elicit feelings of pleasure and achievement, while they avoid activities that at some point in their experience led to disappointment and pain. This behavioral view of motivation also assumes that behavior is an acquired aspect of life. McClelland’s argument appears to be in support of an individually based motivation plan. His theory discounts group motivation theories and exercises. Other Theories The three theories cover different aspects of motivation from different viewpoints, and present a general overview of the major ways of looking at motivation. However, they are not the only theories of repute in the study of motivation. For instance, Kurt Lewin’s personality theory of motivation provided the basis for the development of McClelland’s achievement motivation theory. The job satisfaction theory developed by Hackman, Lawler, and Oldham is another important theory that looks at job satisfaction as a key component of motivating individuals. This theory takes into account Kermally’s (2004) concern that happiness is a key aspect of motivation at the workplace.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another significant group of theories referred to as the expectancy theories also occupy an important place in the theories of motivation. Various scholars developed these theories but they are associated more with Vroom, Porter, and Hackman. What they have in common is that what someone expects out of a process is the real reason why they remain motivated to participate in the process. Finally, Douglas McGregor proposed two sets of assumptions about human nature and called them theory X and Theory Y. Each of them represents the disposition of a leader. Theory X leaders assume that on average people are lazy and require threatns in order to for them to work. On the other hand, theory Y leaders assume that people generally love to work and only require encouragement. Motivation Review Indeed, the development of theories in the field of motivation remains an ongoing effort. New views emerge discounting or affirming established theories. Each theory has an important place in the develo pment of the understanding of how to motivate individuals to achieve job satisfaction. In some cases, the theories have undergone much transformation losing their original thrust. Dye, Mills, and Weatherbee, (2005) identify Maslow as one such theorist. Despite very clear articulation of his theory, it has undergone stretching in every imaginable way to cover as much ground as possible in the application of motivation in both academic and non-academic circles. They also point out that some theorists such as Maslow have received undue attention, not because of merit but because of the fame. One of the consequences of this situation is that the theory stands unchallenged and practitioners simply assume that since it is widely quoted, then it must be true. This is not necessarily a problem if the theory makes possible the attainment of desired results, but it robs the adherents of the benefit of a wider selection and understanding. The Need for Motivation The performance of an individua l directly correlates to the degree of congruence between the person’s skills, capacity and talent, and the job in question. Organizations find it necessary to find ways of motivating their employees to ensure they attain a healthy bottom line. In addition, business growth and continuity in the face of ever-increasing global competition calls for the retaining of highly motivated employees. Globalization has made it important for employers to ensure that they continue receiving the best possible output from their employees because competition is no longer localized . Employers know that there is an increase in work performance that is the result of a high level of organizational motivation. Organizational motivation is the overall effect of the individual motivation levels of the staff. The working conditions in a particular institution may lead to the development of resentment and the emergence of a pool of difficult employees. The only way to ensure this does not choke an o rganization is to ensure every employee remains motivated. Another reason for taking an interest in organizational motivation by employers is social dynamics brought about by an increase in the number of women in all levels of corporate and organizational leadership. With this increase, there is a realization that the motivational requirements of women differ in some ways from that of men, therefore requires more research. On a general scale, men are more competitive and combative in their approach to issues. On the other hand, women are more collaborative in their approach making them uniquely qualified to fill leadership positions in business because they have a natural flair for teamwork. Types of Motivation There is general agreement that there are two sources of motivation for any individual. When the source of motivation is from within a person, the motivation is intrinsic and when it is from a secondary source, it is extrinsic. Adair’s (2006) fifty-fifty rule is a way of looking at these two sources of motivation. He contends that in as much as an individual is responsible for their own intrinsic motivation, no one really operates in isolation and some degree of external motivation plays a significant role. However, the role and influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors still elicits dispute. Maslow and Herzberg seemed to subscribe to the mainly-intrinsic view of motivation. Theory X and theory Y on the other hand present a situation where all employees are either hardworking or lazy, and therefore may require external motivation to get the job done. Approaches to Motivation in Organizations Organizations use several approaches to motivate staff. The methods may use negative motivation like the instillation of fear or positive motivation using aspect such as money, promotion, or recognition (Adair, 2006). One of the key challenges in the state of research in the area of motivation is that there is a lot more research on what motivates individu als compared to what motivates groups. This puts at risk the efficacy of methods that organizations use to motivate their staff. Positive results of the application of the methods at the individual level are not proof that they will be equally effective when applied at the group level. Many organizations use various models of performance appraisal to gauge the effectiveness of each employee in performing assigned duties. The popular version of this approach is a quarterly based system where an employee evaluates their performance against benchmarks set at the beginning of the quarter and compares their self-assessment with that of their immediate superior. Depending on the outcome, the company grants promotions and other incentives. However, dependence on performance alone may fail to identify and reward strategic actions an employee undertakes because the results are still out of view. Balance is critical for successful performance appraisal. Bruce (2002) identified three critical factors that all employers need to have in mind regarding employee motivation. The first factor is that while motivation depends on the individual employees, there are certain things in the hands of the employer which they can do something about to boost employee morale. They include the conditions of work, nature of assignments, remuneration and work benefits. Secondly, it is the employer’s responsibility to define perfomance, and to communicate what it means to individual employees. Otherwise, there may be sincere wasted effort as a result of different views between an employer and the employees regarding what constitutes exemplary perfomance. The third ingredient is explicit communication regarding expectations at all times. Bruce (2002) contended that the clearer the communcation of the expectations to an employee, the greater the likelihood of them meeting and exceeding those expectations. Conclusion In conclusion, the literature reviewed potrays motivation and employee satifaction as parts of the same coin. The area is evidenced by the development of multiple theories which means that there is still a desire to explore the area more and arrive at a unified view of the field. The literature also shows that the theories are in use in various organizations, informing their reward systems. These reward systems use the theories as the philosophical bedrock on which their reward schemes rest. The impact of these theories and their application is a very significant fact in organizational development. References Adair, J. (2006). Leadership and motivation. London: Kogan Page. Boyatzis, R. (2008). Competencies in the 21st century. Journal of Management Developement , 27 (1), 5-12. Bruce, A. (2002). How to motivate every employee. Blacklick OH: Mcgraw-Hill Trade. Chopra, S. (2002). Motivation in management. New Delhi: Sarup Sons. Dell, T., Michael, G. (1993). Motivating at work: Empowering employees to give their best. Melno Park CA: Course Technology Cri sp. Dye, K., Mills, A. J., Weatherbee, T. (2005). Maslow: Man interrupted: Reading management theory in context. In D. Lamond, Management Theory (pp. 1375-1380). Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. Gagliardi, G., Tzu, S. (2005). The art of war plus the art of management: STrategy for leadership. Seattle, WA: Science of Strategy: Clearbridge Publishing. Hopkins, M. M., Bilimora, D. (2008). Social and emotional competencies predicting success for male and female executives. Journal of Management Developement , 27 (1), 13-35. Kermally, S. (2004). Developing and managing talent. London: Thorogood Publishing. Lauby, S. (2005). Motivating employees: Information lifeline. Fort Lauderdale, FL: American Society for Training and Development. Minor, J. B. (2006). Organizational behavoir: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Armonk NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. ONeil, H. F., Drillings, M. (1994). Motivation: Theory and research (Illustrated ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Routledge. Pepitone, J. S., Bruce, A. (1998). Motivating employees. Blacklick OH: McGraw-Hill Professional Book Group. Motivation and Employee Satisfaction

Breach of Confidentiality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Breach of Confidentiality - Essay Example It is intended to make sure that a person in possession of confidential information only uses it for purposes for which it was transmitted to him in the first place. The law of confidence can - as opposed to copyright, which is only concerned with the protection of the form in which information, idea or thought is expressed - protect the content of the information, idea or thought. The main function of the law of confidentiality, or an action for breach of confidence, is the prevention of the illegitimate use of confidential information by a recipient of information. A good conceptual springboard to the understanding of the justification for the protection extended to those items which fall within the ambit of confidence, is the notion that something which people are prepared to pay for must be worth protecting and therefore ought to be protected. However, the courts will only enforce properly identified rights that fall within recognised categories known to law. Some of the items that are protected under the law of confidence are those which do not consist of any specific intellectual property rights under patent, design and copyright or even trade marks law. Traditionally, this has been classified into personal information, governmental secrets and trade secrets. (Catherine Colston and Kirsty Middleton Modern Intellectual Proprty Law 2nd Edition) Obviously, the information, in order to receive the protection of the law, must be confidential. To be such, it must not be something which is public property or knowledge. Therefore, information which is in the public domain cannot be confidential. However confidential the circumstances of communication, there can be no breach of confidence in revealing to others something which is already common knowledge. For example, an employer cannot restrain his ex-employee from revealing a secret process to his new employer if that secret process has already been patented by the employer prior to the revelation by the ex-employee, for it is by then already in the public domain (Mustad v Dosen [1963] RPC 41). All that is required, however, is relative, and not absolute (as in the case of a patent specification, where novelty is required) secrecy. The information must be information the release of which the owner believes would be injurious to him or of advantage to his rivals and others. The owner must believe the information is confidential or secret, i.e. not already in the public domain. The owner's believe must be reasonable. The information must be judged in the light of the usage and practices of the particular industry concerned. On the other hand, it is equally clear that the mere fact of the publication of information does not detract

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Paul Gauguin Essay

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Paul Gauguin - Essay Example All artists are shaped by their background and experience in life. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec came from an aristocratic family and was fascinated by theatres and Parisian dance halls. In early teens Henri broke his legs which lead to a deformity in his physical structure. This unfortunate experience controlled his art forms to a great degree. His love of painting equestrian objects reflects his passion for riding, of which, in reality, he was unable to do. When he paints a horse-drawn carriage the thoroughbreds and their vibrant beauty becomes alive on the canvas. Since he would be ridiculed for his physical deformity to a certain degree, he preferred to spend time in company of the eccentric and other depraved human beings, where his deformity would go unnoticed. His outlook of life was pessimistic to a certain degree. He took refuge in alcohol as he would take refuge in human degradation. His paintings would depict life not only in its stark reality, but also his keen observation of human character. Lautrec’s work is characterised by highly individual interpretation of forms. One may even call him a graphic artist. His lines are bold, expressive and restless and bring out the emotional intensity of his subjects. Toulouse-Lautrec was influenced by Degas in the sense that dance-halls and dancers were attractive to both. However, while Degas concentrates on perfecting small details, Luatrec sees life on a much grander scale. He understands that a crowd may assume a complete different personality. than the men and women who make it up. Placing anonymous models in the foreground he would sum up the character of his compositions. His most famous paintings include the series on Moulin Rouge and one of its important can-can dancers Jane Avril. Toulouse-Lautrec is also well known for the posters he made to advertise dance or musical performances in cafes and theatres. He would outline his figures but only color the images partially to draw attention. Sometimes h e would draw caricatures of famous dancers like Jane Avril to make the posters more attractive. In his posters and lithographs broad flat colors and graphic outlines were influenced by Gauguin’s style. Lautrec died young, at the age of thirty-seven, a pessimist already notorious for his portrayal of human degradations. Gauguin, on the other hand, was not born with a silver spoon in his mouth and started working as a stockbroker. Only later he turned to a full-time artist. He was a friend of Pissaro and had

Local Economic Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 127

Local Economic Development - Essay Example Local economic professionals also have a role to play to ensure that the community groups that are formed do not only focus on poverty alleviation, but also on economic development. This includes making the community members pioneers of entrepreneur skills and job creation for other members. Economic professionals also have to provide assistance to local community groups in terms of access to technology and capital support and creating a link between private and public institutions of the community. The North Texas area will impact marketing as a place for establishing the new business. This is because a new environment is going to be created in this area, which means that customers in this area will have different wants and needs compared to customers from the other areas. As such, new businesses will be formed to satisfy the needs of customers in this environment. These include food, shelter, and clothing. Therefore, entrepreneurs and business people dealing with such items will fo cus on delivery of the items and ensure that the local people do not suffer from lack of such items. The response to this challenge will involve conducting a market analysis of this new area. This will entail determining the various needs of the people, conducting the feasibility study of the area, and establishing whether the area will provide sufficient market for new products and services. Results of this analysis will aid in making decisions as to whether to establish new businesses in the area or not to establish such businesses. Dallas is a city in North Texas, which uses good urban planning policies and regulations that enhance the attainment of sustainable economic development (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas 1).

Coal Fired Power Plants Engineering Essay

Coal Fired Power Plants Engineering Essay In this chapter is going to be presented the function and some other aspects of a coal-fired power plant. First of all as coal-fired power plant it can be defined that plant which uses coal as fuel so as to produce electricity. Coal is a fossil fuel which is created through the compression of peat as it is buried under the earth. There are two general types of coal, the black coal and the brown coal. The typical mass of a black coal consists of [1]: 88% carbon 5% hydrogen 5% oxygen 1% nitrogen 1% sulphur In this chapter it will be analyzed the thermodynamic principle on which the operation of a power plant is based and some other auxiliary functions which are significant for the proper operation. Furthermore it is presented the emissions of a coal-fired power plant and some efficient ways so as to be constraint. 3.1 Historical evolution of coal-fired power plants The ever increasing demand for energy made it compelling the deployment of a technology which would have the ability to generate electricity in an effective and affordable way. On that basis the development of coal-fired power plants blocks started during 1950s when the first plants had a capacity of 60 MW and nowadays the capacity has raised up to 1010 MW in Europe and 1300 MW in the USA [2]. According to IEA [3] in year 2010 the total installed capacity of coal-fired power plants was more than 1600 GW and it is expected to be installed more 1000 GW until 2035. In Fig.1 it is presented the total capacity of coal-fired power plants installed through the years from 1920 up to 2004 worldwide an more specifically in countries such as the USA, China, Germany etc. where power demand is in very high levels. From the graph in Fig.1 it is obvious that the total capacity of the coal-fired power stations follows an upward trend. This enormous growth in coal-fired power plants can be explained on the grounds that coal is a very cheap fuel and in abundance in many places around the world as many studies have shown [4-7]. Fig. 1: Cumulative pulverized-coal plant installation between 1920 and 2004. Source: [8] 3.2 Clausius-Rankine Cycle In this section it is presented the basic principle on which it is based the operation of a coal fired power plant. This principle is known from thermodynamics as the Clausius-Rankine cycle or steam cycle. In Fig.2 it is shown the four steps that conclude the steam cycle and the basic devices which are necessary so as to be implemented. More specific the working media is water and steam and in the first step (1-2) the pump increases waters pressure and therefore it is consumed work by the pump. Afterwards in the next step (2-3) input heat Qin from the combustion of pulverised coal is transferred to water which is evaporated and converted into steam, and steam is heated further. In the step (3-4) the steam is expanded from a high pressure turbine to a low pressure one and in this way mechanical work is generated in the shaft of turbines. Ultimately in the final step (4-1) the output heat is released and the steam is condensed into water again. Thus the work of the turbine gained is gi ven by (1). WT = Qin Qout WP (1) Fig.2: Steam cycle. Source: [2]. 3.3 Operation of coal-fired power plants In Section 3.2 it was presented the theory which applies in the function of a coal-fired power station. In this section it is described in more detail all stages of a coal-fired power plant and the way in which the basic principle is implemented in practice. In Fig.3 it is shown a schematic of a typical coal fired power plant and all devices that make it up. The first step of the function of a coal-fired power plant is the supply of coal. This procedure is made through a conveyor belt which transfers coal to the coal hopper. After that coal is pulverized so as to become fine powder. In pulverized fuel boilers coal is pulverized into very small particles about 100 microns and this type of boilers is the most common [1]. The next step is coal to be burnt. Thus a preheated air stream drive the pulverized coal to the burners of the boiler, where fuel is burnt in short time and in this way it is produced a flue gas. This flue gas contains the chemical energy of the fuel (i.e. the coal) which has been converted into thermal energy. A portion of this thermal energy is transferred through radiation and convection into the water which circulates in a network of pipes inside the boiler and therefore the water is evaporated and converted into steam. This steam has very high temperature and pressure at this stage of the procedure (about 25 MPa and 5 00-600 oC [1]) and it is expanded from the high pressure turbine to the low pressure one. More specifically first the high pressure steam drives the high pressure turbine and the exhaust steam returns back to the furnace where it is reheated and drives the intermediate and low pressure turbines. This set of turbines rotates a shaft which is connected with a generator and in this way it is produced electricity. The exhaust steam which released by the low pressure turbine is cooled in the condenser and becomes water again. This water is pumped back to the network of pipes insight the boiler and thus the same procedure is iterated. In the condenser cold water is circulated into tubes, which usually comes from a river or sea. Thus the heat of the exhaust steam is exchanged with this cooling water, which temperature is raised after that and respectively the steam is liquefied and becomes water again. If the plant is near the sea or river, then the cooling water flows back in the sea or river with a higher temperature which usually is 10-20 oC up [1]. Otherwise the warm cooling water should be processed through a cooling tower in order to be cooled. The cooling tower is a system, where the warm cooling water is driven in a higher altitude in the top of the tower and then it flows down, being exposed to an upward stream of air and in this way it is cooled. As far as the flue gases are concerned, they are passed through different cleaning stages before discharged into the atmosphere through the stack. In more specific, the first step is to pass them through a device where the biggest amount of the dust particles is collected. This device is called precipitator. There are three kinds of precipitators which are bag filters, cyclone filters and electrostatic filters [1]. Next they pass into the desulphurisation unit so as the sulphur dioxide (SO2) to be removed. C:UsersGeorgeDesktopMSc SESCarbon capture transportAssignment 1ststeam-power-plant.png Fig.3: Schematic of a coal-fired power plant. Source: [9]. 3.4 Efficiency of coal-fired power plants The efficiency of power plant is a very significant factor, on the grounds that by improving it is needed less fuel to be consumed and CO2 emissions can be constrained. Of course it is not possible for every plant to have the same efficiency and there are many factors which can influence it [10]. In Fig.4 is presented in a flow chart which indicates the transformation of energy in one form to another, the losses in each stage and the total efficiency of a typical coal-fired power station. It can be inferred that the majority of losses occur during the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical in the turbines, where a big amount of thermal energy, i.e. heat is rejected through the condenser into the atmosphere. These losses are approximately 45% of the input energy and this fact is reasonable enough as it is explained by the second law of thermodynamics, which says that all heat engines have to reject some heat. Other significant losses occur in the boiler where about 6% of the inp ut energy is lost in flue gas and in auxiliary procedures, such as the pumps where the losses are roughly 9%. Therefore a typical coal-fired power plant has about 30% to 40% percentage of efficiency [1, 2]. Fig.4: Conversion energy stages, losses and total efficiency of coal-fired power plants. Source: [2] 3.5 Emissions of coal-fired power plants The typical emissions of plant which does not have any cleaning stages are [1]: Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 700 tonnes/hour Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX): 1t tonne/hour Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): 1-20 tonnes/hour Nitrogen (N): 2500 tonnes/hour Steam: 150 tonnes/hour Fly ash: 10-20 tonnes/hour It is noticeable that about 2500 tonnes/hour of Nitrogen are released, nevertheless nitrogen is the major component of the air we breathe and therefore it is deemed harmless. Moreover about 700 tonnes/hour of Carbon dioxide are discharged during the combustion process and on world bases whole coal-fired power plants are responsible for 21% of global carbon dioxide emissions [10]. Despite the fact that CO2 might be harmless in small concentrations as it is a component of air mix, in bigger amounts it poses serious threats for the environment and contributes to the climate change as several studies have shown [11, 12]. Therefore it is compelling to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and for this reason it has been developed several techniques of capturing and storage carbon [2, 13]. Nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain and harm peoples health. They are discharged in bigger amount when the temperature of the boiler is higher [1]. Sulphur dioxide contributes also to the acid rain and therefore flue gases pass through the desulphurisation unit so as SO2 to be removed. Another very harmful emission of coal-fired power plants is the fly ash, which are known as particulates pollutes the environment in great extent and can also be responsible for respiratory problems in terms of peoples health. However most plants are equipped with precipitators so as to remove this dangerous fly ash as it is referred in Section 3.3. 3.6 Advantages-disadvantages of coal-fired power plants One major advantage of using coal for generating electricity is the reliability that offers. The coal-fired power plants can supply power to the grid with great reliability so as blackouts to be avoided during peak electrical loads. Except for that coal is very cheap fuel compared with other fuels and that fact makes this technology affordable enough and there is in abundance. On the other hand the disadvantages of coal-fired power plants are that they release greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere X. References [1] BOYLE, G., EVERETT, B. and RAMAGE, J.: Energy systems and sustainability,(Oxford university press 2003). [2] SPLIETHOFF, H.: Power generation from solid fuels, (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010). [3] FINKENRATH, M.,SMITH J. and VOLK D.: CCS retrofit. Analysis of the globally installed coal fired power plant fleet, (International Energy Agency 2012), p 17. [4] ANDRULEIT, H., BABIES H.G., MEBNER, J., REHDER, S., SCHAUER, M. and SCHMIDT, S.: Reserves, resources and availability of energy resources 2011, (German Mineral Resources Agency, Hannover 2011). [5] WORLD ENERGY COUNCIL: 2010 Survey of energy resources. Available on: http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/ser_2010_report_1.pdf. Accessed in October 2012. [6] BP: Statistical review of world energy June 2012. Available on: http://www.bp.com. Accessed in October 2012. [7] THIELEMANN, T., SCHMIDT, S. and GERLING J.P.: Lignite and hard coal: Energy suppliers for world need until the year 2100 An outlook, International journal of coal geology, 2007, 72, pp. 1-14. [8] YEH, S. and EDWARD, S.R.: A centurial history of technological change and learning curves for pulverized coal-fired utility boilers, Energy, 2007, 32, pp. 1996-2005. [9] Image. Available on: http://electricalandelectronics.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/steam-power-plant.png. [10] IEA: Power generation from coal: Measuring and reporting efficiency performance and CO2 emissions. Available on: http://www.iea.org/ciab/papers/power_generation_from_coal.pdf. Accessed in October 2012. [11] NORBY, R.J. and LUO, Y.: Evaluating ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming in a multi-factor world, New phytologist, 2004, 162, pp. 281-293. [12] DELWORTH, T.L., MAHLMAN, J.D. and KNUTSON, T.R.: Changes in heat index associated with CO2-induced global warming, Climatic change, 1999, 43, pp. 369-386. [13] GIBBINS, J. and CHALMERS, H.: Carbon capture and storage, Energy policy, 2008, 36, pp. 4317-4322.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

An essay on 'The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness by Erich Fromm. Amount of pages: 478. The book goes on in explaining the ways of aggression and how it reaches into man. Citing aggressive examples in the behavior of necrophilics and Hitler. The author goes into the early life of Hitler and his parents. How it had effect on what he became and his destructive way of life. He was a man that laid half way between reality and his fantasy. He had played war games up until the age of sixteen and after that he commanded his army like they had been a game. Taking risks with soldiers as well as ignoring precise information that would have been critical to his plans; and also the ignorance of British and US tolerance. He was a psychotic man who is a very good example of how far a man with destructive purpose can rise. Trying to explain aggressive behavior, there is focus on a core issue, instincts. Going through animal behavior and comparing it with human behavior and how similar our instincts are. There is also focus on examining primitive tribes. The object of these findings were to find out how warlike the tribes are. In the hunting-gatherers tribes, war is not as popular and profitable as in modern society. Two reasons for this is that these tribes don't have most valuable items and there is no shared type of currency to take. In these tribes, war was infrequent and not lead by permanent leaders. As opposed by modern days. What also differs is the conquest to kill as many of the enemy as possible. Aggression is ruled into several categories, such as Benign aggression which is one of a defensive type and malignant aggression which actually roots into other conditions. Premises, necrophilia, cruelty and destruction. The joy of destruction and abuse of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Destructiveness rest not only in acts but as worships. There is a case of idolatry, a man totally devoted to the monster of destruction. Kern, von salomon. A man like this and his acts are by no means normal, and supposedly caused by the world he knows, all morally, socially, honor, obedience is lost. The aggression takes control for many reasons. Although an extreme case of aggression, we see what may be societies cause on it's own people. Such a thing is a window to this picture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another focus would be on Milgram's electric experiment.

Parenting Skills Essay

1. What role do you think discipline plays in developing a child’s self-esteem? What forms of discipline best serve the self-esteem of the child or adolescent? 2. List and discuss how activities, clubs, or sports, impact the self-esteem of children and parents. Provide at least two activities, clubs, or sports in your answer. Discussion Answers 1. I think that discipline done correctly could help in a child’s self-esteem. When you discipline a child make sure that they understand WHY and it makes them feel trustworthy, and included. If you treat discipline like a dictatorship the child feels like you’re abusive and they are stupid and untrustworthy. people with low self-esteem generally Fail to achieve their goals, Are not able to pursue accomplishments in a responsible and disciplined manner, Have poor communication skills, Have a pessimistic view on life, Are prone to anxiety, depression, hostility, loneliness, shame, and guilt, Form unhealthy, destructive relationships with others, and Make decisions in life more to please others than to adhere to their own interests and value systems. I think that discipline done correctly could help in a child’s self-esteem. When you discipline a child make sure that they need to understand what is happening and they need to feel included. If you treat discipline like a dictatorship the child feels like you’re abusive. people with low self-esteem generally fail to achieve their goals, have poor communication skills, have a negative view on life and are prone to anxiety, depression, loneliness, and guilt. Also, form unhealthy, destructive relationships with others, and make decisions in life more to please others. 2. Parents should encourage children to participate in sports and clubs that are productive and give a feeling of accomplishment. However, it is not always advantageous for a parent to push a child toward a particular sport or activity because sometimes the parents will push their children towards their dream sports or activities they wanted to do as a child. 3. parents should encourage children to participate in sports and clubs that are productive and give their children a feeling of accomplishment. However, it is not always advantageous for a parent to push a child toward a particular sport or activi ty.

Strategic human resource management Ethic

Strategic human resource management Ethic Introduction The role of ensuring that an organization abides to ethical principles is, perhaps, the most important role of any human resource department in an organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic human resource management: Ethic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A human resource department has to ensure that staff members work in conformance with universal ethical principles. It also has to ensure that there are clear rules governing the conduct of the employees of the organization. Such rules should be part of the policies of the organization that the human resource department develops in consultation with other departments (Hrtel and Fujimoto, 2010). It is also the role of the human resource department of an organization to ensure that the ethical guidelines of the organization are, as much as possible, in conformance with the law of the land. This paper looks into the approaches that human reso urce departments in organizations can use to ensure that staff members in the organization are ethical. Structures for implementation of ethics in an organization A number of structures, both legal and social, are prerequisite if an organization has to have ethical members of staff. Firstly, people should know what is required of them in advance. To achieve this, the organization should develop ethical principles that employees should follow and circulate them to the members of staff. The organization should also accompany this with the corresponding punishment that the employees will receive for violating these principles. This kind of a structure encourages some potential violators of ethical principles live by heteronomous morality (Fombrun et al., 1984). It can also attract some level of conventional morality where employees will obey with the rules to avoid a situation in which their lack of ethics would affect their relationships with fellow employees or even their careers.Adv ertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, before employees join an organization, they should sign a contract that details their roles in the organization, and the major ethical principles that they should obey. The latter may include an agreement for keeping organizational secrets and related ethical principles. The preparation of the contract should be in such a way that it is in conformance with both the policies of the organization and the prevailing legal requirements. Implementing universal ethical principles It is of essence for the human resource departments of organizations to leave some ethical principles unaddressed so that employees can have individual initiative in complying with them. For instance, in an organization where personal hygiene is not a sensitive issue, it is important for the employees to have individual initiative in conforming to this pri nciple. This kind of initiative will also drive them towards conformance with other universal ethical principles. The dilemma between ethical and legal aspects of morality In some cases, legal aspects of morality conflict with ethical aspects of morality. This calls for a clear policy in organizations on which legal aspects of morality are discouraged in the organization. For instance, it is common knowledge that homosexuality is legally acceptable in some countries. However, in some organizations within those jurisdictions, engaging in same sex relationships openly may attract ethical penalties that may be as serious as dismissal (Legge, 2004). It is therefore of essence that employees of organizations know the limits to which they should push their legal rights. Another example is the issue of abortion. In some countries, it is legal to procure an abortion. However, when one is working with certain organizations like the Catholic Church, he/she is required to be discreet about the issue if he/she is a proponent of abortion. This will not only help him/her have healthy working relationships with colleagues, but it will also help him/her keep his/her job.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic human resource management: Ethic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion As evidenced in the discussion above, enforcing ethics in an organization goes beyond ensuring that employees are law abiding (Heathfield, 2011, p.1). The most important aspect of ensuring an ethical workforce is communication. It is thus paramount that employees are aware of the lengths that they should go while defending their legal rights. The human resource department and the organization as a whole should also ensure that they implement deterrent structures to ensure minimal violation of ethical principles. It is, however, important to let employees have initiative in obeying some basic ethical principles. Reference Lis t Fombrun, C., Tichy, N., and Devanna, M. (1984). Strategic human resource  management. New York. John Wiley and Sons. Hrtel, C., and Fujimoto, Y. (2010). Human Resource Management: Transforming  Theory into Innovative Practice, 2nd Edition. Frenchs Forrest: Pearson Education Australia. Heathfield, S. (2011). How to Do Human Resources Strategic Planning. Retrieved from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/how-to-do-human-resources-strategic-planning-1918404 Legge, K. (2004). Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities, Anniversary  Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Healthcare Administration Degree Best Careers and Schools

Healthcare Administration Degree Best Careers and Schools SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you considering a job in healthcare administration? It’s a rapidly growing field that pays well and gives you the opportunity to help patients and make the medical process easier for them. However, you need to have the proper education to work in this field. What healthcare administration degree do you need to get the job you want? Once you have your health administration degree, what jobs can you get? How much money can you make? Is a bachelor’s degree in healthcare administration enough or do you need to get a master’s? And if you decide to get your degree online, what are the best programs available? This guide will answer all your questions! What Is a Healthcare Administration Degree? If you’re interested in healthcare but think you’d prefer the business side, you may want to look into getting a healthcare administration degree. People who work in healthcare administration handle the work that goes on mostly behind the scenes to ensure that people get the care they need as quickly and smoothly as possible. Their roles can include handling patient insurance forms in a nursing home, explaining the best way for a business to sell medical devices, managing workers in a hospital, and more. To work at many of these jobs, you’ll need a health administration degree. Healthcare administration can be a complicated and technical field, and since making a mistake with someone’s insurance or medical records can have potentially disastrous consequences, it’s critical that you’re properly trained. When you start a healthcare administration degree program, you’ll learn everything you need to know to succeed in these positions, from proper medical billing, to how insurance works, to managing other employees, and even classes in anatomy and health so you have a solid understanding of healthcare. What Jobs Can You Get With a Healthcare Administration Degree? A healthcare administration degree qualifies you for healthcare jobs in many areas. You may work in a hospital, laboratory, government agency, or a private business. Some jobs focus a lot on billing and insurance while others emphasize management and organizing other employees or organizations. There are dozens of positions you are eligible for with a healthcare administration degree, and below we give descriptions of five of the most common. Salary data is from PayScale. Medical Office Manager People in this position typically work at doctor offices, where they are in charge of making sure the entire office runs smoothly. This may include supervising staff, making sure all paperwork is filed correctly, handling issues with insurance that arise, and making sure appointments are managed in an organized way. Average annual salary: $48,252 Healthcare Consultant Healthcare consultants provide advice to businesses that want to learn more about healthcare, potentially because they work with healthcare specialists or sell healthcare products. The healthcare consultant will conduct research and analyze data to help the business determine the best ways it can meet its goals. Average annual salary: $76,661 Community Support Manager If you get a job as a community support manager, you’ll be responsible for helping develop and implement programs to improve the health of both individuals and communities. You’ll likely collaborate often with other healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, dietitians, and social workers, to develop plans that improve all aspects of health for the person or group you’re focusing on. Average annual salary: $46,452 Healthcare Human Resources Manager At this position, your duties will primarily consist of overseeing employee pay, benefits, trainings, and hirings. It’s similar to a general HR manager position, but you’ll have special training for doing these duties in the healthcare field. Average annual salary: $65,298 Insurance Specialist These employees contact insurance companies on behalf of patients and doctors, work with medical records, deal with coding and billing, and overall make sure insurance benefits and payments are being properly applied. Average annual salary: $59,994 Should You Get an Associates, Bachelors or Masters Degree in Healthcare Administration? There are three types of healthcare administration degrees: associate, bachelor, and master. Which degree should you get? That depends a lot on how quickly you want to begin working and the types of jobs you’re looking for. Most people will get a bachelor’s degree in healthcare administration, since that qualifies you for most jobs in this field, but read on to learn how long each degree takes to get and which jobs it’ll qualify you for. Associate Degree in Healthcare Administration 60 credits Usually takes two years to complete An associate degree in healthcare administration qualifies you for some entry-level admin jobs at hospitals, nursing homes, or other medical practices, however; other entry-level jobs, especially those at hospitals, will require a bachelor’s degree. You’ll take classes in medical terminology, business administration, medical ethics, and healthcare management, among other topics. Bachelor Degree in Healthcare Administration 120 credits Usually takes about four years to complete A bachelor degree in healthcare administration opens up far more job opportunities than you’d get with an associate degree alone. During your four years of study, you’ll study healthcare administration in-depth and learn the ins-and-outs of record keeping, medical law, HR management, medical accounting, anatomy, and other subjects. You may also choose to specialize in a certain area, such as emergency health, home care health, or others. With a bachelor health administration degree, you’ll be qualified for all entry-level healthcare administration jobs, and if you can enough experience, you can eventually move on to more advanced positions, such as departmental leadership jobs. Master’s Degree in Healthcare Administration 32-60 credits Usually takes about two years to complete Most healthcare administration jobs don’t require anything higher than a bachelor degree, but if you are hoping to obtain a leadership position in a large practice, such as a hospital or another organization with executive management, having a master’s degree will help you achieve those goals. Graduate classesin healthcare administration will place more of an emphasis on business and administration leadership, as well as classes in strategic planning and more technical areas of healthcare. With a Master’s in healthcare administration, you’ll be qualified for nearly all leadership positions in healthcare administration (as long as you also have enough relevant experience). What Are the Best Healthcare Administration Degree Online Programs? Like other online degree programs, online degrees in healthcare administration have seen a huge increase in popularity in the past few years. Online degrees are often much easier to obtain for people who wouldn’t have the time, money, or ability to attend on-campus classes. However, some online degree programs are little more than diploma mills, so if you decide to get your healthcare administration degree online, you need to make sure it’s from a legitimate school, otherwise you’ll have an extremely difficult time finding a job. You should only enroll in a school that is accredited. This information is typically found on the school’s website, but if you can’t find it, a simple Google search of â€Å"[school name] accreditation† should give you your answer. Also read reviews of other students who have gotten their healthcare administration degree online from the school to learn what they think about it and if they’d recommend the program to others. To make your search a little easier, here is a list of three of the best online bachelors of healthcare administration degree programs. You can feel confident you’re getting a good education at any of these schools, but they definitely aren’t the only good options available, so make sure you do some research before deciding on a school. Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Degree offered: Bachelor of Science in Healthcare Administration Tuition cost: $350 per credit hour What makes it stand out: CSU is one of the most affordable online healthcare administration degree programs, and there are no additional out-of-state tuition fees. Additionally, CSU has a very flexible course schedule. Every class is offered every semester, and there are accelerated courses offered throughout the year if you want to finish a certain class more quickly. University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Degrees offered: Bachelor of Science in Health Services Administration, Bachelor of Science in Health Informatics and Information Management Tuition cost: $212.28 per credit hour (in-state) or $748.89 per credit hour (out-of-state, and before tuition reductions) What makes it stand out: UCF has a rigorous curriculum, including multiple specialization opportunities and a capstone experience in healthcare administration, to ensure you’re prepared for whatever job you get after graduation. It also gives out-of-state online students a discount so their tuition so their cost of attending is more affordable. University of Memphis Memphis, Tennessee Degree offered: Bachelor of Science in Health Studies (with a concentration in Healthcare Leadership) Tuition cost: $320 per credit hour (in-state) or $594 per credit hour (out-of-state) What makes it stand out: All healthcare administration students at the University of Memphis are required to complete an internship in healthcare leadership. This ensures they have real world experience before they graduate and will give them a leg up when applying to jobs. Summary: Health Administration Degree If you want to work in healthcare administration, you’ll need to have the proper degree. A healthcare administration degree can qualify you for many positions, ranging from jobs in nursing homes to hospitals to big businesses. A bachelor’s degree in healthcare administration is enough to qualify you for most jobs, but a Master’s degree in healthcare administration is needed for some leadership positions. There are online degree programs if you want to work in healthcare administration but, same as for all schools, make sure the school you decide to attend has a good reputation and will prepare you for the career you want. What's Next? Are there other science topics you want to review? Then you're in luck!Our guides will teach you loads of useful topics, includinghow to convert Celsius to Fahrenheitandwhat the density of water is. What are the most important science classes to take in high school?Check out our guide to learn all the high school classes you should be taking. Thinking about becoming a nurse practitioner?Read our guide on everything you need to know about the steps to becoming a nurse practitioner. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Christine Sarikas About the Author Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Bus 22 db thanksgiving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bus 22 db thanksgiving - Essay Example This mode of communication is not appropriate since some members fail to get the message, or they are reached by distorted information. The process of information used in the club can be improved by embracing the new information technology. For instance, all the members of the club are members in various social sites such as Facebook and twitter. The club management should create a Facebook page so that communication of important issues can be made easier. In addition, almost every person can easily access the internet and a computer, in this regard, video conferencing can be used for communication, especially when members are on personal vacation. In essence, appropriate application of information technology is the most efficient means of improving communication in an organization (Ling & Campbell, 2011). In summary, leaders of various organizations should apply communication processes that fit all members of the organization for effective

Foreigner's View of the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Foreigner's View of the U.S - Essay Example From that time on, America has suffered its share of fortunes and misfortunes. Throughout the years, America has enjoyed the leadership of strong-willed and ambitious presidents who have seen to it that America grows to become politically and economically strong. In America, democracy and upholding of the constitution represent a stringent practice in order to assure America's status as respected and admired by other countries all over the world. This paper discusses the various opinions, both positive and negative, a foreigner would have on the United States’ impact on world developments. Foreigner’s positive views on the United States A foreigner will view the United States as a peace-maker and keeper, judging from the fact that being a superpower it has always tried to stop and contain regional wars and conflicts that have risen between different countries. On many occasions the United States sent peace keepers to the areas around the globe which were ablaze with atr ocious wars. It is important to note that the peace keeping missions America executed have resulted in relative peace between countries, which in turn has transformed into beneficial development of these countries (Watson 89). Particularly, a foreigner from Africa will appreciate the fact that the United States has allocated funds to facilitate the development of the third world countries struggling for better life. The U.S. has helped the third world countries in eradicating the three vices: poverty, disease and ignorance which for many years have been drawing the continent of Africa backwards. The American government gives out loans to the third world countries which are channeled to the economy for the infrastructure building and new jobs creation. The assistance from the United States in most cases is through USAIDs (Brzezinsk et al 164). A foreigner will view the United States’ policy of terrorists negotiation refusal as very instrumental in eradicating impunity and lawl essness. Since this foreigner may originate from a country in which the government does not abide fully by the rule of law, he/she comes to appreciate the policies implemented by the American government. Terrorism has been on the rise since the gunmen have been exploiting the weakness in unstable governments which are not powerful enough to resort to drastic measures against them. A country like the United States which stands firmly against terrorism is greatly appreciated by a foreigner with positive views (Watson 87). The United States has managed to sustain its population of more that 300 million people by producing its own food and at the same time export surplus. This is one of the positive views a foreigner will possess about America. Agricultural production in the United States is an undeniable success; surplus of food is regularly exported to needy countries. A foreigner will view the existence of a stable and democratic government in the United States as an inspiration for the countries with unstable or authoritarian governments around the world which strive to embrace democracy. America is staunchly focused on democracy and rule of law, which is instrumental in fostering good governance. The long history of the United States, particularly the civil war between the northerners and the southerners, helped to shape America as a democratic country (Brzezinsk et al 169). The United Stat