fLORENCE nIGHTINGALE essays

fLORENCE nIGHTINGALE essays Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy in Villa Columbia on May12, 1820. Florence was named after her birth place just like her older sister Parthenope, who has the Greek name of Naples. Florence was the daughter of the wealthy landowner William Nightingale of Embley Park Hampshire, and his wife Francis Nightingale born 1788 who was a sibling of ten children. William was part of the antislavery movement and both William and Francis Fanny were Unitarians. In England the Nightingales had two homes. They spent the summer months at their home in Lea Hurst in Derbyshire then moving to Williams home town Embley in Hampshire for the winter. Lea Hurst was later turned into a retirement home and Embley was turned into a school. Florence and her father were good friends and he treated her as a companion rather than a daughter, he took responsibility for her education by teaching her and her sister at their home. Florence was a competent student and William taught her Greek, Latin, French, German, Italian, History, Philosophy and Mathematics. She also excelled in Literature, Music, Drawing and the Domestic arts. Fanny Nightingale came from a stanch Unitarian family, she was a domineering women who was primarily concerned with finding her daughter a good husband. However Florence had other ideas for her future, thus writing in her diary just before her 17th birthday, her entry read; On February 7th, 1837, God spoke to me and called me to his service. ( Anglican Theological Review, 1996) Although she had no idea of what this calling meant, it was from this day she decided to remain single forever. It was around this time when Florence rejected her first proposal of marriage to a man named Lord Houghton a man whom she dearly loved. ( Anglican Theological Review, 1996) Five years later Florence met Richard Monckton Miles who becomes her dear friend, to which he would like to be more, however t...

US rising debt level and current economic problems Essay

US rising debt level and current economic problems - Essay Example According to the forecast of the organisation for economic cooperation and development (2011), the budget deficit for US is likely to increase to 10% of the GDP. This projection means that the US government must formulate ways of arresting the looming economic crises as a result of the increasing deficits. The main reason why the public debt in America would increase is the need for the government to increase job opportunities by stimulating demand (Saad 2011). When a government intends to create more jobs, it will increase the level of demand by increasing its public expenditure and reducing the level of taxation. This had made the Obama’s government increase the level of public debt. At the same time, the 2008 economic recession could also be a reason for the increased budget deficit. After a recession, the economy of a country needs to be stimulated to increase the level of demand and to create more economic activities. This made the US government increased their level of b udget deficit to increase the rate of recovery of the domestic economy (Amadeo 2011). The increased expenditure from external borrowing accompanied by a decline in the level of taxation must result in an increase in the level of public debt. If not closely monitored, the increased public expenditure will result in increasing level of inflation making prices of goods soar in the market. The increased cost in recapitalization and acquisition of financial institutions as well made the public deficit soar (Turner 2008). One of the causes of the economic recession was failure by the financial institutions to act decisively to rescue the depreciation in the economy. The failure by the credit rating agencies to give true credit risks made banks increase their mortgage loans that in the long run led to the recession. The US government as a result of this ventured into takeover of some banks which therefore meant increase in government spending making the economy experience a rising level of deficit (Saad 2011). The increases government spending accompanied by the declining tax rates was bound to increase the level of debt and this makes the projections of OCED realistic and important for government formulation. It must also be noted that the increasing deficit has made the democrats and republicans have clashes on the measures that the government should undertake to help reduce the level of deficit and the general debt level (Saad 2011). The two parties have agreed collectively on the short term measures of a cut in the government spending but have failed to agree on which areas that the governments should reduce spending. They also have different thoughts on the long term remedial. To correct the economic problems in the economy, the government can pursue a significant reduction in the deficit level. The US government through such a move would be in a position to reduce their increasing debt level and at the same time solve other economic challenges. A reduction in t he level of budget deficit can be made for various purposes; the first reason for a reduced budget deficit would be to help reduce the level of government debt (International Monetary Fund 2010). For instance, the Obama administration projects that through the reduction in the government deficit for a decade would make the government solve the high level of debt (OECD 2011). Another reason for cutting the level of government deficit would be

My understanding of counselling PCA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My understanding of counselling PCA - Essay Example To answer the question in some detail, let us go back to the antecedents of counselling. Traditionally, people suffering from extreme abnormalities in thought and behaviour, unable to live ‘resourcefully’, were seen as mentally ill, and either isolated and/or were treated by psychiatrists using psychotropic medication. However, the vast majority of those identified as suffering from some type of mental disorder did not require hospitalisation, or drug treatment throughout their recovery phase. What they needed was psychotherapy, described as ‘talking cures’, where characteristically psychoanalysis held sway during the early part of the 20th century, until behavioural and cognitive therapies became more prevalent. Increasingly, psychoanalysis could not be justified not only on scientific grounds, but also on cost and length of treatment. It gave way to cognitive behavioural therapies modelled on learning theory based on Pavlovian classical conditioning and Sk innerian operant conditioning. Those who sought or needed such psychotherapeutic interventions were ‘patients’, and, conversely, those who treated them were drawn from the medical profession. In addition to psychiatrists, clinical psychologists in hospital settings also became providers in the care of these patients. Counselling evolved as an intervention outside the medical context offered by practitioners drawn from disciplines other than strictly within the medical establishment. An inability to cope with ordinary everyday life increasingly devoid of traditional supporting mechanisms of family, church (orthodox religion), and community, mostly in industrialised societies, left a growing populace vulnerable to psychological stress. Counselling therefore, happens to be a much broader concept than psychotherapy (or simply temed therapy) which evolved from more existential, philosophical and humanistic roots. Those who sought help from counsellors were not identified as patients. Not only were individuals seeking ‘greater well-being’ catered for, but those seeking help in specific contexts such as careers counselling and marriage guidance counselling meant that there was no longer a stigma attached to counselling. Indeed the origin of the very term counselling is ascribed to Frank Parsons (1909) at the beginning of the twentieth century who initiated help for young people with problems in finding suitable employment. Today, there is a continuum of helping interventions that range from intensive psychotherapy through counselling, to co-counselling, and to life coaching, where practitioners range from medical specialists to those drawn from varied walks of life, but with appropriate and recognised counsellor training. The relationship between the counsellor and the counselled is one of equality. The counsellor does not set him/herself up as an expert. The client is the expert on him/herself. The counsellor explores with the counselled, o ptions elicited during the counselling process. By meeting at regular intervals the counsellor helps the counselled to commit to agreed upon courses of action gently but firmly holding him/her responsible for the outcome. Counselling is a burgeoning profession and the recognition afforded its mainstream practitioners is a testament to its enduring value. It is necessary to look more closely at the theoretical underpinnings of the practice of counselling. A recent analysis of the

What Are the Advantages of Using Accuplacer Writing Essay Practice?

What Are the Advantages of Using Accuplacer Writing Essay Practice?Accuplacer writing essay practice software is a comprehensive writing program that teaches students how to write an essay using vocabulary or pre-written sentences. It is based on the principles of the five-step technique that encourages students to develop their vocabulary skills and develops vocabulary ability through writing an essay.It is said that good writing ability of a person is first developed through reading and studying about the subject in addition to other personal and intellectual activities. Accuplacer writing essay practice software helps students by providing various features that help students strengthen their writing skills.For example, it can be helpful for students to compare two or more essays written by the same author in a term paper writing task. It can also help to analyze what information can be gleaned from each essay to prepare them for an interview or presentation. Apart from this, it he lps students to learn from examples that portray strengths and weaknesses of the writer.Moreover, there are other benefits of using Accuplacer essay practice in a college essay writing course. The program makes students aware of their writing style so that they do not end up committing the same mistakes as a writer. This improves the comprehension level of a student when writing and even later on, when submitting their paper.Apart from that, there are many writing tips offered by this program. These tips can be beneficial for writers as well as students. The program even has an interactive web based exercises that allow students to explore their writing skills by practicing their writing skills while working on the system.For students who fail to show a satisfactory result in terms of spelling and grammar, there is also a free help in Assess. They can use it to know the problems of spelling and grammar in a specific text. Moreover, it allows students to research the topic and read a s much as possible about the topic.All these advantages that the software offers, make it worthwhile to use Accuplacer essay practice. It helps students understand how to write an essay and develop their vocabulary at the same time.

The Ultimate Strategy for History 1312 Essay Topics Lefevor

The Ultimate Strategy for History 1312 Essay Topics Lefevor The individual grading your paper will likely appreciate how you deviated from the norm. You would like your paper to be noticed, meaning you don't want to choose the simple topic and have your paper reflect exactly the same thing every one's paper does. Perhaps you still have to understand more about the way to compose a history paper. Or the paper might concentrate on medical discoveries, like the polio vaccine or penicillin. Bear in mind that you may make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. Heres one of several public speaking tips you'll get from me Don't be reluctant to request the huge money. Illness associated with smoking is quite costly. Talking over your preferred topic with your supervisor should hopefully avoid choosing a poor topic. Aldous Huxley, a major essayist, gives guidance on the topic. The purpose of such essays isn't to demonstrate your knowledge, yet to exhibit the important thinking and analytical skills. You don't need to lose grades because of incorrect essay format. Students just need to locate their niche from the multitude of topics they can explore. Canadian students must deal with the exact same problem of picking engaging argumentative essay topics as the remainder of the world. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't really hard to discover. To begin with, the author should select a topic to discuss. To start with, local newspaper papers are sometimes a very good place to discover interesting argumentative essay topics. You are able to restate your argument, which is a rather common practice amongst essayists. Not only does bad spelling make you appear unprofessional, additionally, it provides the reader the impression which you don't understand what you are discussing. There are cases which people have variations in regards to interpreting or giving meanings to words. The intent of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. The 30-Second Trick for History 1312 Essay Topics Lefevor Subsequently, essay was defined in a number of ways. The essay demands proficient handling and skilled strategy. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of aca demic writing. Perhaps, writing argumentative essays isn't that a simple undertaking. Ultimately, now that you're prepared to work on your paper, we wish to remind you of the significance of appropriate essay structure. You will have the ability to write readily, as soon as you have managed to stay focused towards your title. In situations when you get to pick the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Where to Find History 1312 Essay Topics Lefevor You don't need to have five paragraphs and three points every moment. The sum of information which can accumulate in a patient's record from several sources can be daunting and result in information overload. The list is really endless. When you're selecting an essay topic, it is necessary to select one which has a lot of information and statistics to back up your standpoint, nor exagge rate any info which you've chosen to write about. After you pick the proper undertaking or prompt, it's simple to acquire students to organize their thoughts and place them on paper. It's possible to fill in details and modify the sentence structure after you're clear of what you will need to say. In most instances, you want to produce a topic that will make it possible for other people to understand your viewpoint, and telling them to think that what you write is true. With the assistance of our tips for writing and our interesting collection of topics, you're guaranteed to obtain a high grade!

Who is Worried About Einstein Research Papers Richard Newton and Why You Need to be Paying Attention

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Worlds environmental problems Essay Example for Free

Worlds environmental problems Essay Introduction Rational Based on the past experience in the area of environment and resource studies, the environmental problems such as the accumulation of heavy metals in water and sediment in the canal and river have been the major focus in the study area. The study shows that the major source of heavy metals that accumulate in water and sediment is industries. As a result, it motivates the researcher to choose the research topic about industrialization is responsible for the worlds environmental problems. This current research will certainly be useful for the researcher. It is because this research is closely related to the researchers future study, particularly in the area of environmental engineering. The analysis of research topic Industrialization and the worlds environmental problems are shown as the topic area of the research in the diagram. The research topic is focused on the relationship between industrialization and the worlds environmental problems. Therefore, there are two aspects in the topic which are industrialization and the worlds environmental problems. The purpose of this research is to take a position whether industrialization is responsible for the worlds environmental problems or not. Industrialization brings many problems to the worlds environment. As a result, it is definite to study the causes of worlds environmental problems which can be explained with three main aspects. These three main aspects are the aims of industrialization, the consequences of industrialization and the governments policies about industrialization. Moreover, it is certain to study the effects of these three causes on the environment as have been shown in the diagram. Therefore, it can be proposed that industrialization is responsible for the worlds environmental problems. The diagram below shows the structure of the analysis of research topic. Industrialization is responsible for the worlds environmental problems Data collection The research method The research covers four steps shown as following. Firstly, the research topic that industrialization is responsible for the worlds environmental problems is analyzed in order to find out the probable areas that the research should concentrate on and the information which should be presented. Secondly, the definition of key concept is given. It is that industrialization can be defined as using developed technology in order to change a process of production from small-scale to mass production. After that, based on the definition, research evidence such as examples and statistical data are collected and analyzed in order to support the argument that industrialization is responsible for the worlds environmental problems. Finally, the information is organized into three main reasons of industrializations responsibilities to the worlds environment which are the aims of industrialization, the consequences of industrialization and the governments policies about industrialization. Annotated bibliography Alder, J., Cazamias, P. Monack, D. (1995). Benchmarks : The Ecological and Economic Trends that are shaping the natural environment and human societies. In R. Bailey (Ed.), The true state of the planet (pp. 394-453). New York: The Free Press. This chapter has been written for universitys student who studies in the area of environment. The major area is to present and analyze the data about ecological and economic trends such as world domestic product, total consumption of energy in the world level, water quality violations in United States, emission and atmospheric concentration trends for selected air pollutants in United States. The important information that has been mentioned is the total consumption of energy that is used in economic  sectors. Beder, S. (1996). A case study: The greenhouse effect. In S. Beder (Ed.), The nature of sustainable development (pp. 201-213). Newham: Scribe Publications. This chapter has been written for environmentalist and student who study in the environmental area. The major area is to present some information about the greenhouse effect such as the consequences of greenhouse effect, the responsibility for global warming, the responsibility for reducing greenhouse gases. The important information in this chapter is to tell about the main sources of greenhouse gases. Castillo, C.C. (1995). The sequencing of industrial policies in ASEAN nations. In T. Tullao JR., G.Largoza C. Castillo (Eds.), Issues in Philippine Economic Development (pp. 75-92). Manila: De La Salle University Press. This chapter has been written for students who are studying in social sciences. The major area is to reveal the governments policies of different country in Asia such as Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and Singapore. The government of each country tried to support industrialization in order to increase the economic growth. For example, Philippines government exempted manufacturing industries from all taxes such as exempting tariff of raw material. Eastop, T.D. Croft, D.R. (1990). The economic of energy-saving schemes. In T.D.Eastop D.R. Croft, Energy efficiency for engineers and technologiests (pp.6-26). Great Britain: The Bath Press. This chapter has been written for students who are studying in engineering or technology course. The major issue is to reveal how to decide to invest in energy-saving measures such as what the types of costs of energy usage are  and how to calculate the value of energy saving. The important information that has been mentioned is the price of fuel per unit energy. Martin, M. Allenby, G. (1993). Global Distribution of Manufacturing in the 1980s. In M. Martin G. Allenby, World: Environments and people (pp. 416-445). NSW: Southwood Press. This chapter has been written for the students who study in environmental program. The major area is to reveal how the distribution of manufacture in the world is. Moreover, the author also talks about why some developing nations have the success in establishing a manufacture. The important evidence that is presented in this chapter is talking about the ranks of the worlds exporters of manufactures in developing nations. Martin, M. Allenby, G. (1993). Non-renewable Forms of energy. In M.Martin G. Allenby, World: environments and people (pp. 71-89). NSW: Southwood Press. This chapter has been written for the students who study in environmental program. The major topic area is to reveal about the non-renewable forms of energy such as fossil fuels and nuclear power which is the newest energy sources. The important information that is presented in this chapter is the component of the coal such as carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, heavy metals, organic compounds and radioactive element. Mulhall, D. (1992). Environmental Management: The relationship between pressure groups and industry-A radical redesign. In D. Koechlin K. Mà ¼ller (Eds.), Green Business Opportunities (pp. 187-203). Great Britain: Biddles Ltd. This chapter has been written for environmentalist. The major issue is to reveal the reasons for the emergence of environmental groups and talk about the impact on peoples live. Moreover, the author also talks about cost of waste management technology and how the movements of environmental groups are. The important evidence that has been mentioned is German industries have to spend a lot of money to eliminate their waste that occurs from  production. New South Wales Department of Energy. (1998). Manufacturing sector energy projections for New South Wales to 2010. In New South Wales Department of Energy, Analysis of energy use in the New South Wales manufacturing sector (pp. 121-130). NSW: Author. This chapter has been written for executives of private organizations or the government in order to use this information to manage the energy use of industries in New South Wales. The major topic area is to present the energy consumption by industries and fuel types that are used by New South Wales manufacturing. The important evidence that has been mentioned is New South Wales manufacturing used coal to be the energy more than other kinds of energy. Sedjo, R.A. (1995). Forests: conflicting signals. In R. Bailey (Ed.), The true state of the planet (pp.178-209). New York: The Free Press. This chapter has been written for universitys student who studies in the area of environment. The major issue is to present the reasons that why the forests are destroyed. This chapter also presents the idea about how the forests can be protected and renewed such as setting protected area and plantations. The important evidence in this chapter is the current situation of global forests. Toal, B.A. (2001, October). Renewable: Future shock, Oil Gas Investor [online]. Available: Proquest 5000 Full-Text Database. [Accessed 2 December 2002] This journal article has been written for students who study in the area of environmental science and environmental engineering or any businessman who considers to environment. The major issue is to present that energy sources such as oil and gas are decreasing. Therefore, renewable resources should be used as the alternative of using energy. As a result, it is time to focus on developing renewable resources. The important examples in this journal  article are the research about photovoltaic devices (solar cells), biomass energy and wind turbines. Unite, A.A. (1995). Recent developments in foreign direct investments in the Philippines: Policy, Trends, and Issues. In T. Tullao JR., G. Largoza C. Castillo (Eds.), Issues in Philippine Economic Development (pp.97-136). Manila: De La Salle University Press. This chapter has been written for students who study in the area of social sciences. The major issue is to present about the foreign investment policies in Philippines and give the growth rates in foreign direct investment. Moreover, this chapter also gives the information about the issues of the foreign investment in Philippines such as the change of the foreign investment policies. The important evidence that has been mentioned is the policy that the Philippines government uses to encourage foreigners to invest in Philippines. Critical Review The two sources by Martin Allenby and Toal focus on the topic area of energy resources which are classified as renewable and non-renewable resources. Moreover, the authors relate the amount of resources to the using of resources in order to make people have the awareness about the limit and decreasing of non-renewable resources. The authors also emphasize people to use renewable resources as alternative energy sources. It is believed that these two sources clearly present about the situation of using natural energy resources and show that it is time to do the researches in order to develop the quality and cost of using renewable energy sources. In the articles written by Martin Allenby and Toal, they both reveal that non-renewable resources are decreasing; as a result, people should focus on using renewable resources as the energy instead of using non-renewable resources. However, in the article by Martin and Allenby, the authors emphasize on presenting the information about non-renewable forms of energy that are finite resources (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.71). The authors report  that the most important sources of energy in the world today particularly in the industrial countries are the fossil fuels ( Martin Allenby, 1993, p.71). For example, oil provides 40 percent of the worlds primary energy consumption (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.79). However, oil is not a plentiful resource. It is estimated that oil reserves are around 2000 billion barrels but only haft of oil reserves has been found and 400 billion barrels have been used (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.79). There are around 650 billion barrels that have been left in prov ed reserves (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.79). Another example which is mentioned in this article is natural gas. The authors report that the using of natural gas is increasing because it is clean, cheap and easy to handle (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.82). However, natural gas is not renewable and it has a limited supply (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.84). Moreover, the authors mention to coal that although coal is non-renewable resources (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.88) and burning coal create the pollution (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.87), it is used in many kinds of industries and the major use of coal is in electricity generation (Martin Allenvy, 1993, p.87). The authors conclude that people are aware that the fossil fuels are finite and non-renewable; therefore, they have become to look at renewable resources as alternative energy sources (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.89). On the other hand, in article written by Toal, the author focuses on showing the researches that have been done in order to develop renewable energy and energy efficient technologies. The author reports that 70 percent of research work that has been done by The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is about the supply-side energy technologies of photovoltaics, biomass and wind (Toal, 2001, p.2). According to Kazmerski, director of NRELs national center for photovoltaics at Golden (cited in Toal, 2001, p.2), after many researches about photovoltaic devices or solar cells have been done, photovoltaic devices or solar cells are cheaper and more efficiency than the pass. Moreover, Bull, associate director of science and technology for all of NREL, reports that NREL is doing the research about biomass energy (Bull, cited in Toal, 2001, p.3). It is believed that the cost of biomass will be cheaper in the future and biomass energy will be produced more than now (Bull, cited in Toal, 2001, p.4). Further more, Thresher, director of NRELs national wind technology center, presents that the problem in the past to produce electricity by  using wind is the cost of production was too expensive (cited in Toal, 2001, p.4). However, since wind turbines have been developed, the wind machines have become bigger, more efficient and cheaper (Thresher, cited in Toal, 2001, pp.4-5). The issues discussed in the sources have been considered as an important issue because decreasing and exhausting of non-renewable resources are going to be serious problem. It is showed that non-renewable resources such as oil, natural gas and coal are decreasing. They will be exhausted in the future if people still use much these kinds of energy. Therefore, these non-renewable resources should be conserved and people should use renewable resources such as solar energy and wind instead. Historically, non-renewable resources are the most important energy sources in the world. Currently, non-renewable resources are shrinking and renewable resources have been considered as the alternative. As a result, many researches have been done in order to develop the quality of renewable resources and reduce cost of them. In Martin and Allenby article, it shows that fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal have been used by many kinds of industries even though they are finite and non-renewable (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.76-88). However, Toal reports that there is the organization in America which has been established in order to develop renewable energy such as photovoltaic devices (solar cells), biomass and wind (Toal, 2001, p.2). These two articles show that the authors have the consideration about the decreasing of non-renewable resources by trying to encourage people to use renewable resources instead non-renewable resources. It can be seen that using non-renewable resources will make these resources exhaust because non-renewable resources are finite. As a result, it is very important that people should focus on using renewable resources. It is clearly distinguished whether each author of these two articles is objective or not. The article written by Martin and Allenby is objective because the authors present the issue by referring to the international situations. Moreover, the authors use the statistic data to support their research such as distribution of the worlds known oil reserves by region (1984) (Department of International Economic and Social Affair, 1987, cited  in Martin Allenby, 1993, p.86). The article written by Toal is subjective because the author emphasizes on doing the researches about renewable forms of energy in order to use them instead of using non-renewable energy sources by The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Even though the author refers to the other experts opinions, all of these experts are the people who work for NREL. For example, according to Bull, associate director of science and technology for all of NREL (cited in Toal, 2001, p.4), cost of biomass will cheaper in the future and biomass energy will be produced more than now. It can be seen that the article written by Martin and Allenby is objective, whereas the article written by Toal is subjective. However, the examples or evidence in these two articles are clearly presented because the authors present the data by using graphs and tables that are easy to understand. Although the examples or evidence that are used in these two sources are not current, they still can be used because some of them are general knowledge. On the other hand, some of statistical data can be used as the direction of change for the future. For example, non-renewable resources are finite; therefore, the amount of them can not increase. In contrast, they are decreasing because non-renewable resources have been used as the major source of energy. Therefore, it can prove that non-renewable resources are decreasing and it is time to develop renewable resources to use as the alternative of energy sources. Even though one article is objective, whereas another is subjective, these two articles are clearly presented about the situation of using natural resources to be energy. In both articles, the authors present the data clearly because all data are presented directly to support the authors argument by using tables, graphs, maps and quotations. For example, the article written by Martin and Allenby explains how each type of non-renewable energy sources such as oil, natural gas and coal formed (Martin Allemby, 1993, pp.71-88). In this part, the authors use the maps to show the areas that these non-renewable energy sources formed in order to make clear understanding about the areas that these energy resources formed (Martin Allemby, 1993, pp.71-88). Further more, the authors also present about the amount of each kind of non-renewable resources in order to support their argument that energy resources which are mostly used are finite by using tables (Martin   Allenby, 1993, pp.71-88). \The article written by Toal mentions the results of researches that have been done by The National Renewable Energy Laboratory such as the research about photovoltaic devices, biomass energy and wind turbines by using quotations and graph (Toal, 2001, pp.1-5). The evidence that Toal uses can show the possibility of using renewable energy sources. Thus, the evidence can support his argument that it is time to focus on developing renewable energy resources to use as the alternative of energy sources instead of non-renewable resources which are decreasing. Therefore, it can be said that these authors interpret data clearly in order to confirm their argument. Both articles are general study because the authors only want to explain some important points about energy source. Therefore, the authors conduct research in order to confirm their argument. However, in the article written by Martin and Allenby, the authors have conducted enough research because the authors use the statistical data to support each area that they mention. Even though all of statistical data that authors use are selected from one source, these data come from the exploration by using scientific method. As a result, these statistical data have the accuracy and they can be considered as the fact. Further more, the authors use these statistical data that mention to the international situation to support their argument. For example, the authors use the statistical data that show the distribution of the worlds known oil reserves when they explain that oil is finite (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.77). On the other hand, in the article written by Toal, the author has not conducted enough research because all of data and other experts opinions are selected from one source. Moreover, all of them only describe the situation of developing renewable resources in America. For example, the author refers to the cost and the efficiency of photovoltaic devises that they are cheaper and more efficiency than the past because of doing the research by NREL (Kazmerski, cited in Toal, 2001, p.3). It can be seen that Martin and Allenby have done enough research, whereas Toal has not done enough research. Therefore, it can be said that Martin and Allenby conduct their research more thoroughly in order to confirm their argument. Among the two sources which are reviewed, it can be clearly seen that the  article written by Martin and Allenby has practical suggestion because it is possible to use renewable resources as the energy. Currently, the cost of renewable resources is the limitation of using renewable resources to be the energy sources. However, it would be possible to decrease the cost. The authors suggest that the research in the area of changing the cost of renewable energy should be done in order to tend people to use renewable resources as the energy sources (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.89). It is because the renewable energy such as sun and winds are infinite (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.89). Further more, many renewable resources are the clean energy. Therefore, it will be benefit for the environment if people use renewable resources (Martin Allenby, 1993, p.89). On the other hand, in the article written by Toal, the author does not make any suggestion. However, it is not necessary to make any suggestion because the author only wants to present the important point which is about possibility of using renewable resources to be the alternative of energy sources. Further more the author only wants to emphasize that it is time to focus on doing research to develop renewable energy resources. Therefore, it can be strongly said that Martin and Allenby have made practical suggestion in their article because renewable resources can be used as energy sources, whereas in article of Toal, it is not necessary to make any suggestion. Among these two sources, in the article written by Martin and Allenby, the authors have not used other experts opinions to support in their article. It is because their article presents the general knowledge that has been proven by many researchers by using scientific method. For example, the authors refer to how non-renewable resources formed and the amount of each kind of non-renewable resource (Martin Allenby, 1993, pp.71-88). In contrast, the article written by Toal is well supported by other experts opinions through using the quotation of other experts opinions. Toal refers to the situations of using renewable energy sources such as cost and quality that has been researched by NREL (Toal, 2001, pp.2-5). For example, according to Kazmerski (cited in Toal, 2001, pp.2-3), Some 35 years ago, when I started in photovoltaics, these devices were used almost exclusively for satellites. A solar cell would cost about $300 to $600 per watt. Today, a solar-cell module such as you would put on your roof-costs $3 to $6 per  watt. And in the future, with the use of thin-film PV technology, we could see that cost drop by half. In addition, the efficiency of commercial solar cells- their ability to convert sunlight into electricity- has risen from 7% to about 15% to18%. Not only Kazmerrskis opinion, but also Bulls and Threshers opinion that Toal uses to support in his article by using quotation. It can be seen that quotations clearly support Toals argument about the possibility of using renewable resources to be alternative of energy sources. Therefore, it is certain for the method of quotation to support authors argument stronger through using other experts opinion. In conclusion, the review shows that energy resources such as natural gas, oil and coal are non-renewable resources and they have the limited supply. As a result, people should use renewable resources as the energy instead. In this review, two articles have been discussed in different six aspects. There are the historical and current significance, the objectivity of the writers, the interpretation of data, the thoroughness of treatment, the practicality of suggestion and other experts opinions. The authors of each article present their argument in different way. However, the authors of both articles use the examples, evidences or other experts opinions to support their arguments and present them clearly. More over, Martin and Allenby make their suggestion practically in their article. However, these two articles will be more effective than present if the authors use current data or current evidences and select data or evidences from various sources. The Analysis of the research The research is limited by three factors. These three factors are the types of information, the research focus and the time limitation. The first limitation is the types of information. The information used in the research is all secondary information such as the research results by Beder in the field of sources of greenhouse gases, the research results about the cost of investment in environmental protection by Mulhall. The information is conducted in order to support the argument. However, the information has not been examined closely whether it has exactly happened or not. The research focus is the second factor that limits the research. It is because this  research focuses only on the current situation such as the consumption of energy in order to use the energy in economic sectors such as industry and agriculture by Adler, Cazamias and Monack. This research does not cover any environmental situation before industrial revolution and during the beginning of industrialization. The final limitation in this research is the limitation of time. The research has to be finished with in limited time. Therefore, time is an important factor that enables the researcher to do in particular area. Many areas such as governments policies about environmental protection and reasons why governments policies about environmental protection can not control the environmental problems are not included in the research. In summary, these possible factors from the above are the factors that limit this research. Suggestions for future research As the research is limited by three certain factors, all suggestions are presented to overcome these limitations for the future research. The first suggestion is primary sources should be used in order to support the argument such as a survey about the cost of investment in environmental protection and monitoring sources of greenhouse gases. It is because using primary sources can tell about what has actually happened. For limitation of the research focus, the further research should be focused on other areas such as environmental situation before industrial revolution and during the beginning of industrialization. Moreover, the future situation about environment should be predicted. It is because the comparison of environmental situation in each period of time can show how serious environmental problems have been expanded. Therefore, the research area becomes deeper in terms of the relationship between industrialization and environmental problems. Finally, the suggestion on limitation of time is the future research should mainly focus on the past situation of environment, governments policies about environmental protection and reasons why policies about environmental protection can not control environmental problems. All of these suggestions will overcome three possible limitations and produce the deeper and more accurate research in the future.