Crime Scene Reconstruction Essay Example for Free

Crime stab Reconstruction EssayIt has moved beyond a physical barrier cedeing analysts to dissect the curse paroxysm to identify test often missed simply walking through the traditional steps of sketching. at that place is now the opportunity for whatever peerless to revisit the criminal offense survey the next day, next week, or years from now. This is an primary(prenominal) the crime pellet leaving nonhing to the Jurors imagination. According to the Department of Safety for the State of Connecticut, forensic crime shaft rebuildive memory is the process of determining the sequence of exits about what occurred during and after a crime (Department of common Safety Scientific Services, 010). Crime scene reconstruction normally starts ideas of what happened during the crime and then moves to an analysis of the tell at the scene. It focuses on gathering as much data and evidence to form a effectual hypothesis. The hypothesis substructure then be subjected to vari ous tests to prove or disprove the overall edition of the reconstruction. Once the reconstruction is formalized a theory loafer be determined in halt of the reconstruction. There are three types of crime scene reconstructions. They are specific incident reconstruction, specific event reconstruction, and specific physical evidence reconstruction.Specific incident reconstruction involves reconstructing a crime scene where an mishap or incident occurred. This get out be needed during such incidences as traffic accidents or homicides. The pattern is to identify the types of evidence that can be associated with these incidents. Using specific event reconstruction, the sequence of events or timelines can be established. This form of reconstruction looks at how all of the pieces of the puzzle fit together. With specific event reconstruction the sequence of events can be determined. The final type of reconstruction is specific physical evidence reconstruction.This involves evidence su ch as blood and bullets. Through reconstruction of blood splattering, it can be determined where the shooting was standing during a homicide. It will also help identify the location of the bullet if it is exits the body of the victim. Capturing the crime scene is an pregnant part of the crime scene reconstruction process. Typical methods include sketching the crime scene using graph paper and a pencil or taking photographs from a digital television television camera. some(prenominal) of these methods do provide a snapshot of the crime scene for preservation but, they do not induce the scene in its entirety.A sketch will note measurements of physical evidence in their similarity to the victims body or to such items as furniture and doorways. However, it is completely relying on the investigator to supply exact measurements and identification of the physical evidence. Using 3D applied science, the entire crime scene can be analyze for accurate measurements at anytime. An ad vantage that 3D technology has over other methods of crime scene reconstruction is that it can preserve the crime scene in a moment in time. This is vital if the scene is in a populated area and needs to return to its natural state as short as possible.Think about a crash scene involving two vehicles on an expressway in Los Angeles during rush hour that resulted in a fatality. The time it sprouts to clear the scene is a very important variable when collecting the evidence. Under these conditions, there may be evidence that goes unnoticed by an investigator that is sketching the scene. Not to mention the time that it takes to do physical measurements. Using 3D technology can allow the investigator to collect the data and have confidence that nothing will missed. In order to amaze a crime scene in its entirety duplex scans of the scene must be considered.The charm of data comes from only the viewpoint of the investigator. Consider capturing the image of an automobile. If we were to stand at the front of the automobile we would not be of the automobile to in order to collect a complete image. One tool apply to collect 3D images from a crime scene is a gradational digital camera. It uses a technology called stereo picture taking. Standard photographs are only 2-dimensional representations of what you see. 3-dimensional photographs are taken from two perspectives. Because we have two eyes, we will need two perspectives on a scene.By forcing apiece eye to see only one photograph, i. e. the left eye sees the left photograph and the right eye sees the right photograph, your brain will reconstruct the depth information from the two pictures and you will see a 3D image (3dphotography, 2010). The use of calibrated digital cameras allows the viewer to see the image as it would have been seen by the individual taking the pictures. When multiple photographs are combined, a reconstruction of the scene is created. Another tool that is used to collect 3D images from a crime scene is a 3D scanner or laser. A 3D scanner is know for high-accuracy and long range.Most 3D scanners can collect data from 900 feet away. It can operate in undimmed sunlight or total darkness, indoors or out. The built-in digital camera allows the measured 3D data (known as a point cloud) to automatically be mapped creating a 3D rendering of the scene (3D Forensic Mapping, 2010). The 3D scanner quickly digitizes a scene using both panoramic photography and 3D laser scanning which is the process of making millions of highly accurate measurements in Just a few minutes. The result is an accurate 3D representation of he scene from which any measurement can be do, even long after the scene has been vacated.Whether using a calibrated digital camera or a 3D scanner, it is time to create a 3D model of the data. The models are assembled in 3D animation software product. This is when the data that was collected at the crime scene is put into the software. In the causal agent of the using a calibrated digital camera, for each one pixel is designate a coordinate. The coordinate is made up of XYZ where X is an Easting coordinate, Y is a Northing coordinate, and Z is the elevation. The pixels or coordinates are then lotted on a 3 dimensional grid. If we consider a sketch that is typically performed at a crime scene, it is primed(p) out on a piece of graph paper.The investigator assigns a certain measurement mingled with squares and then plots all the relative items of the crime scene at the respected distance. This would be considered a 2 dimensional drawing where only X Y are plotted. In a 3D plot, it includes the Z value. This gives the 3 dimensional model its depth. So, the multiple photographs taken with the calibrated digital camera are overlaid, assigned a coordinate, and modeled into a 3D image. The 3D scanner is not much different from a calibrated digital camera, although it uses an infrared laser to collect data points instead of pixels.The hardwar e then assigns coordinates to each data point and the software plots them. A 3D scanner can collect as many another(prenominal) as 100,000 data points per second (Oberle, 2009). This creates a huge advantage over using digital camera which can only collect upwards of 8 million pixels with each photo (Patterson, 2010). It would only take a scanner Just over a minute to surpass a digital camera in resolution. At this point, the scene is ready for review. With the combination of photo-like images the software will allow the viewer to keel the images 360-degrees.Looking at the computer screen, you will be able to enter the crime scene as if you were actually there. This can be copied and viewed by anyone with access to the 3D software. It becomes a crime scene, the more belike evidence will not go unnoticed. When reviewing the crime scene reconstruction, measurements can be achieved right from the office. Because each data point is assigned a coordinate, the distance formula can be u sed to channelise distances between two points. The software includes an algorithm that can quickly look the distance between any points selected by the user.Therefore, determining specific physical evidence reconstruction such as blood splatter is made possible back at the office. In blood spatter evidence, the measurements will help calculate the mass of each drop from the size of its stain, and use this to calculate its maximum potential velocity. Air give chase would tear apart a droplet if it travelled faster than this limit (Marks, 2010). With that information, and an angle of impact estimated from the shape of the stain, the software projects a ealistic trajectory backwards in time to locate the origin of the blood spatter.